Saudi Women’s Status in the Social Novel Ibrahim Al-Nassir as a Case Study

The Saudi social novel devotes considerable attention to women as a theme analyzing and debating several issues concerning them This article will discuss the status of Saudi women in social novels The article will look at the reason for this interest in women s issues Besides it will examine the factors that lie behind the weak position of women in Saudi society Then it will provide three images of women in the Saudi social novel that symbolize the transformations in Saudi women s status and that appear in al-Nassir s novels traditional women modern women and radical women With regards to the first of these types they do not play an active role in the progress of the fictional events reflecting the passivity of the role they play in real life In contrast their modern and radical counterparts play a central role in the narrative Finally this article will deal with the Arab Women s Liberation Movement which has influenced some of al-Nassir s fiction character

The Effects of Social Transformations on Family Ties in the Saudi Social Novel: Ibrahim Al-Nassir as a Case Study

This article investigates the social transformations inside the Saudi family and their effect on intimate family ties Social novels represent a variety of family relationships some of which are still governed by long-established social customs while others have been shaped by the modern era and are more appropriate to contemporary lifestyles This article will begin by comparing the representation of traditional and more modern-style marriages identifying the most significant changes in social customs as a result of social transformation and using this to understand the foundations of relationships within the Saudi family particularly those between husband and wife Two distinct sorts of husband-wife relationships are shown in Saudi narrative discourse The first is the traditional image of the relationship which is devoid of emotion and in which the two parties do not cooperate actively The other a more modern image of the relationship appears to be more harmonious and sympathetic This article will also shed light on parent-child relationships by contrasting traditional and modern images of this relationship in the Saudi social novel Finally this article will also examine the generation gap exploring the critical factors that contributed to its widening This article will explore al-Nassir s novels as a case study using concepts from social studies to achieve a better understanding of the nature of family relationships in the context of rapid social transformatio

State Variable Model for Unsteady Two Dimensional Axial Vortex Flow with Pressure Relaxation

This research has utilized a state variable model for unsteady two dimensional axial vortex flows experiencing non-equilibrium pressure gradient forces. The model was developed successfully using perturbed radial and azimuthal momentum equations and a pressure Poisson\u27s equations. Three main regions of the axial vortex flow were highlighted in this study including: a laminar core region, a non-equilibrium pressure envelope, and an outer potential vortex. Linear stability theory was utilized to formulate the model and the perturbation functions were assumed to be of the Fourier type. The flow parameters considered were the Reynolds numbers, ranging between 6,000 and 14,000, and a new non-equilibrium swirl parameter, Np determining the area of significant non-equilibrium pressure forces. Two other state variable parameters were imposed-complex frequency and associated azimuthal mode number. Perturbation outputs included primary Reynolds stress, radial and azimuthal velocity amplitudes, and radial pressure gradient amplitudes. Maximum perturbation growth occurred inside the non-equilibrium pressure zone between one and five core radii from the rotational axis, while the inner core remained laminar. The maximum amplitudes and critical radii depended on the four physical and state variable parameters. Increases in Np resulted in lower perturbation pressure gradient amplitudes, moving the critical radius closer to the vortex core, and expanding the non-equilibrium pressure zone. Increasing the frequency resulted in steady increases in the perturbation amplitudes until a particular dimensionless frequency was reached. Beyond that frequency, additional perturbation growth was insignificant or the amplitude decayed because of a high damping factor. Two types of azimuthal modes were unstable, the ±½ modes inside the non-equilibrium pressure zone, causing the pressure gradient amplitudes to peak even though the azimuthal velocity profile remained stable, and ± 1 helical modes associated with growing pressure gradient amplitudes in the outer potential region. The symmetrical azimuthal modes were globally stable. The state variable model was stable numerically inside the non-equilibrium pressure zone, even though the perturbation amplitudes exhibited instability. Inside that region, unstable pressure eigenmodes were detected in the form of relaxation Reynolds stresses in response to perturbations in the flow. The width of the non-equilibrium pressure zone was again determined using eigenmode plots for different Np. The positive real parts of the unstable modes were slightly larger in the outer potential region causing slow growth profiles. The current vortex state variable model can be utilized to explore the development of small perturbations in the non-equilibrium zone as the flow becomes turbulent, via a bifurcation cycle study where coherent structures can be identified. Experimental verification using hot-wire probes is needed to validate the theory and adjust the state variable model parameters. A side effect of the non-equilibrium pressure model for this vortical flow is the likely sound propagation causing small density perturbations that are balanced by the contracted pressure gradient-velocity tensor terms in the pressure relaxation equations. This non-equilibrium balance process appears to vanish in the outer potential vortex region

Formulating layered adjustable autonomy for unmanned aerial vehicles

Purpose - In this paper, we propose a Layered Adjustable Autonomy (LAA) as a dynamically adjustable autonomy model for a multi-agent system. It is mainly used to efficiently manage humans and agents share control of autonomous systems and maintain humans’ global control over the agents. Design/Methodology/Approach - We apply the LAA model in an agent-based autonomous Unmanned Arial Vehicle (UAV) system. The UAV system implementation consists of two parts, software, and hardware. The software part represents the controller and the cognitive and the hardware represents the computing machinery and the actuator of the UAV system. The UAV system performs three experimental scenarios of dance, surveillance and search missions. The selected scenarios demonstrate different behaviors in order to create a suitable test plan and ensure significant results. Findings - The results of the UAV system tests prove that segregating the autonomy of a system as multidimensional and adjustable layers enables humans and/or agents to perform actions in a convenient autonomy levels. Hence, reducing the adjustable autonomy drawbacks of constraining the autonomy of the agents, increasing humans’ workload and exposing the system to disturbances. Originality/value - The application of the LAA model in a UAV manifests the significance of implementing dynamic adjustable autonomy. Assessing the autonomy within three phases of agents run cycle (task-selection, actions-selection, actions-execution) is an original idea that aims to direct agents’ autonomy towards performance competency. The agents’ abilities are well exploited when an incompetent agent switches with a more competent on

Clinical presentation, treatment and outcome of paraphenylene-diamine induced acute kidney injury following hair dye poisoning: a cohort study

Introduction: in Africa and Asia hair dye is applied together with henna to decorate the hands and feet. Paraphenylene-diamine (PPD), a highly toxic constituent of hair dye can lead to acute kidney injury (AKI). Methods: a cohort study was conducted during the period from April 2012 to March 2013 in Khartoum Teaching Hospital, Sudan. It targeted adults presenting acutely with an evident history and clinical  features of hair dye poisoning, together with AKI as per the RIFLE criteria. Analysis of data was done using SPSS. Results: 30 adults were included, their mean age was 25.6 ± 4.2 years, 93.3% were females. Exposure to PPD was suicidal in 86.7%. The mean duration to onset of renal symptoms was 34.8 ± 7.6 hours,  maximum median serum creatinine was 8.6 ± 2.3 mg/dl, 86.7% had loss of kidney function as per the RIFLE  classification and required dialysis. Initial renal recovery was seen after a mean duration of 9.8 ± 2.2 days. One patient died, 3.3%; all others, 96.7%, recovered normal kidney function. The amount of ingested PPD correlated significantly to the severity of symptoms, number of dialysis sessions required and time for renal recovery with P values < 0.05. Conclusion: hair dye poisoning was associated with prolonged hospital stay, requirement of dialysis and increased morbidity. The severity of symptoms directly correlates to the dose of PPD ingested, with the kidney damage being reversible in almost all survivors.Key words: Hair dye poisoning, paraphenylene-diamine, acute kidney injur

Some Geometric Properties Of Multivalent Convex Function For Operator On Hilbert Space

بالاستفادة من استعمال المؤثر على فضاء هلبرت، نحنُ  قدمنا ودرسنا بعض الخصائص الهندسية من الدوال التحليلية المتعددة التكافؤ المحدبة ذات معاملات سالبة.  للصنف الجزئي كذلك حصلنا على بعض الخصائص الهندسية، مثل، متراجحة المعاملات، مبرهنة النمو والتشوية، النقاط الحرجة، المجموعة المحدبة، نظرية الانغلاق، أنصاف الاقطار المغلقة، المتوسط الوزني وخواص الاحتواء لهذا الصنف.              By making use of the operator on Hilbert space, we introduce and study some properties of geometric of a subclass of multivalent convex functions with negative coefficients. Also, we obtain some geometric properties, such as coefficient inequality, growth and distortion theorem, extreme points, convex set, closure theorem, radius of close-to-convexity, weighted mean and inclusive properties

Fundiy Risk Monagement of School Duilding in Iraq

تعاني المشاريع الانشائية بصورة عامة ومشاريع الأبنية المدرسية بصورة خاصة في العراق من تزايد مستمر في المخاطر ولا سيما المخاطر المالية التي تواجه المشاريع الانشائية بعًدم وجود مصادر تمويل  كافية لتكملة العمل وتلكؤ أًكثر مًشاريع الأبنية المدرسية على الرغم الحاجة إليها لذلك تظهر الحاجة إلى أدارة هذه المخاطر المالية ومحاولة معالجتها للحفاظ على الأهداف الاساسية للمشروع الإنشائي من أجل تحسين التنفيذ في المشاريع الابنية المدرسية , لذا لا بد من استعمال بعض الفرضيات التي تتلخص في اختيار افضل الحلول والمعالجات والمقترحات والتي تتبلور في دراسة أحدث الامكانيات بما يحقق النهوض بواقع مشاريع الابنية المدرسية والكفاية والارتقاء  بأدائها , يتم بعد ذلك تقديم مجموعة من الحلول المقترحة ويتم دراسة هذه الحلول وبيان النتائج المستقبلية لكل حل وفائدته في معالجة المشكلة المحددة ومدى الأثر المستقبلي لتطبيقه, إذ ستتمثل المنهجية المستعملة في البحث في استخراج المؤشرات من الإطار النظري والعملي وإيجاد الحلول للخروج بعدد من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات الرامية إلى تحقيق أهداف البحث.                                                             The construction projects in general and the school buildings in particular in Iraq are suffering from an increasing number of risks, especially the financial risks facing the construction projects, because there are insufficient sources of funding to supplement the work and the delay of most school buildings projects, despite the need to do so. On the basic objectives of the construction project in order to improve the implementation of the school building projects, so it is necessary to use some hypotheses, which is the choice of the best solutions, treatments and proposals, which attendance in the study of the latest possible In order to achieve the advancement of school buildings projects and efficiency and improve performance, a set of proposed solutions are then presented. These solutions are examined and the future results of each solution are identified and useful in addressing the specific problem and the future impact of its application. The methodology used to search for indicators from the framework Theoretical and practical solutions to come out with a number of conclusions and recommendations aimed at achieving the objectives of the researc

Adaptive Response and its relation to Cognitive Appraisal among Secondary School Students

The current research's problem includes the impact of cognitive reappraisal and reformulate on self-experience of emotional response and its negative feelings and the activity of cognitive reappraisal in changing response. The aim of this research is to detect the relation between adaptive response and cognitive reappraisal upon students of secondary school, and to find differences in gender and stage. The sample contained male and female student for the year(2022-2023) and consists of (480) students (240) male and (240) female in the karkh education/ 1 To achieve this aims researcher used descriptive method and to measure the two variables researcher built a scale for adaptive response according to theory of compound emotion (Barrett,2015) contains (31) items , and the scale of cognitive reappraisal according to the theory of (Lazarus,1991) contains (30) items credit to scientific steps for building psychometric properties , validity , virtual validity by presenting them to a number of experts,and the constructive validity in the light of relation between item and total grade. Reliability was lasted by Vaccronbach coefficient. After treating data by (SPSS), researcher found that students have adaptive response and cognitive reappraisal,and there is assign efficient relation between adaptive response and cognitive reappraisal, and there are significant difference in cognitive appraisal according to grade in favor of the fifth grade at (0.05). Researcher recommends the importance of adaptive response and reappraisal for their relation with (IQ), school performance, social skills, adaptive behavior, and make a comparison studies to detect adaptive response and cognitive reappraisal upon other school students and college students that help to adapt with academic atmosphere, coping with problems, and reduce stress

Utilization of waste as a constituent ingredient for enhancing thermal performance of bricks – a review paper

In view of the environmental regulations, practitioners have been inclined to use bricks with higher insulation capability, however with minimal attention to sustainable material composition, let alone waste material. From a research perspective, in the wake of the growing concerns for the environment, the use of waste material to develop bricks which can exhibit suitable characteristics attributed to the material composition has been on the rise. However, the extant literature on utilization of waste materials for brick mix design has neglected to provide detailed literature review on the influence of waste materials on the thermal performance of bricks. Methods: This paper provides detailed review of research conducted on thermal properties of bricks produced from various types of waste. Influence of the method of manufacturing and type of waste on thermal performance of bricks is discussed. A sustainability selection criteria format is provided to assist optimal decision making in considering alternative sustainable waste material. Findings: A sustainability selection criteria format is provided to assist optimal decision making in considering alternative sustainable waste material. Applications: The outcome of this paper can serve as a common reference for practitioners and researchers attempting to seek out solutions for further improving overall quality of thermally insulated waste-incorporated bricks, paving the way for more focused research on waste utilization in the development of more sustainable wall material based on the current brick production process

Customer application protocol for data transfer between embedded processor and microcontroller systems

This paper develops a new customer application protocol (CAP) to improve the efficiency of transferring data between embedded processor and microcontroller systems. The established protocol is characterized by its fidelity and simplicity for using a small header to control and monitor the data flow between the two systems. This is achieved by constructing an embedded processor system with an Ethernet intellectual property (IP) core featured by lightweight IP (lwIP) to settle a connection with a microcontroller device. The embedded system is configured on spartan6E FPGAs slice. The system performance is tested by transferring audio samples and displaying them on chipscope media. The performance test of the designed embedded system with the developed customer application protocol showed fast, efficient and high precision data exchange between the processor and microcontroller systems